Winter in New Zealand brings a unique set of challenges for households. Cold, damp homes can lead to increased illness, discomfort, and higher energy bills. For families, renters, homeowners, and landlords alike, preparing for the colder months is not just about comfort—it’s about health and wellbeing. This article provides a thorough guide to creating and maintaining a healthy home through the New Zealand winter, offering practical advice, expert recommendations, and information on support available for those who need it most.

Why Healthy Homes Matter in Winter

Cold, damp, and poorly ventilated homes are linked to a range of health issues, including respiratory infections, asthma, and rheumatic fever. Children, elderly people, and those with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable. During winter, as people spend more time indoors, the risks increase. A healthy home is warm, dry, well-insulated, and free from mould and dampness. Achieving this can also reduce pressure on the health system and improve quality of life for all New Zealanders.

Step 1: Do a Healthy Home Check

A healthy home check is the first step in preparing for winter. This involves assessing your home for:

Insulation and ventilation
Efficiency of heating, hot water, and lighting
Draughts and sources of dampness
Compliance with Healthy Homes Standards (for rental properties)

Many regions offer free or subsidised in-home assessments. Landlords are required by law to meet Healthy Homes Standards, but homeowners and renters can also benefit from a thorough check. Use available checklists or seek professional help to identify areas for improvement.

Step 2: Insulation—The Foundation of Warmth

Why Insulation Matters

Insulation is the single most effective way to keep your home warm and dry. It reduces heat loss, lowers energy bills, and makes it easier to maintain a comfortable temperature.

Ceiling and Underfloor Insulation: Essential for preventing heat loss. Compulsory in all rental properties.
Wall Insulation: Ideal but more difficult to retrofit in existing homes.

Low-Cost Insulation Tips

If full insulation isn’t possible, try these alternatives:

Window Films: Clear plastic films act like double glazing.
Bubble Wrap: Adds a layer of insulation to windows.
Rugs and Carpets: Cover wooden, tiled, or lino floors to reduce heat loss.
Curtain Banks: Access free or low-cost curtains through local charities or curtain banks.

Financial help is available for eligible households through the Warmer Kiwi Homes programme and some local councils.

Step 3: Curtains and Draught-Proofing

Curtains: Your First Line of Defence

Use snug-fitting, floor-length curtains with thermal backing.
Open curtains during the day to let in free solar heat; close them before sunset to trap warmth.
Curtain banks or pinned-up blankets can be used if curtains are unaffordable.

Draught-Proofing

Check for draughts around windows and doors.
Use draught stoppers, weather stripping, or rolled-up towels to seal gaps.
Even small draughts can make a big difference to warmth and comfort.

Step 4: Tackling Dampness

Why Dampness Is the Enemy

Damp homes are harder to heat and promote mould, dust mites, and respiratory illnesses. Reducing moisture is crucial for a healthy winter home.

Practical Steps

Ventilate: Open windows for 10–20 minutes daily, even in winter, to remove moisture and stale air.
Use Extraction Fans: In kitchens and bathrooms, always use fans or open windows during and after use.
Wipe Condensation: Regularly wipe windows and sills to prevent mould growth.
Dry Clothes Outside: Avoid drying clothes indoors; if you must, use a dehumidifier.
Keep Lids on Pots: Reduces steam and moisture in the air.
Furniture Placement: Keep beds and furniture away from walls to allow air circulation.
Wardrobe Doors: Leave slightly open to prevent mould on clothes and shoes.

Step 5: Ventilation—Finding the Right Balance

Modern homes can be too airtight, while older homes may be too draughty. The goal is to maintain good air quality without losing too much heat.

Natural Ventilation: Briefly open windows and doors each day.
Mechanical Ventilation: Consider installing a home ventilation system if condensation and damp are persistent.
Dehumidifiers: Useful in small to medium rooms; help keep air dry and prevent mould.

Step 6: Heating—Choosing the Right System

Heating Options

Heat Pumps: Efficient for heating large spaces; best with a thermostat.
Fixed Electric Heaters: Safe and effective for bedrooms and smaller rooms.
Wood Burners: Provide strong heat but can add smoke and moisture; ensure proper ventilation.
Portable Gas Heaters: Not recommended—they produce moisture and dangerous fumes.
Oil Column Heaters: Work well with a small fan to distribute heat.

Tips for Efficient Heating

Use thermostats and timers to maintain consistent temperatures (aim for 20°C in living areas, 16°C in bedrooms).
Place heaters on the coldest side of the room or near windows.
Close doors to unused rooms to concentrate heat where you need it.

Managing Costs

Insulation and draught-proofing reduce the amount of heating needed.
Shop around for the best energy deals using tools like Powerswitch.
The Winter Energy Payment is available to eligible households to help with heating costs.

Step 7: Maintenance and Preparation

Property Maintenance

Gutters: Clean regularly to prevent water damage and leaks.
Fences and Retaining Walls: Check for damage or instability, especially after storms.
Pipes and Hoses: Drain and disconnect outdoor hoses; insulate pipes to prevent freezing.
Trees and Gardens: Trim branches away from roofs and power lines.

Emergency Preparedness

Have torches, batteries, and emergency supplies ready in case of power cuts.
Know how to turn off water and electricity if needed.

Step 8: Health and Wellbeing

Immunisations and Health Checks

Ensure children’s immunisations are up to date.
Encourage older adults and those with chronic conditions to get flu and COVID-19 vaccinations.
Stock up on prescriptions and have a plan for accessing medical support if you become unwell.

Sleeping Arrangements

Create space between sleeping children to reduce the spread of germs.
Avoid placing mattresses directly on the floor.
Try ‘topping and tailing’ if children share a bed.

Smokefree Homes

Keep your home smokefree to improve air quality.
Avoid using log burners if neighbours’ smoke is an issue.

Step 9: Dealing with Mould

Regularly check for mould behind furniture, curtains, and in wardrobes.
Remove mould immediately using warm soapy water, white vinegar, or diluted bleach.
Address the source of moisture to prevent mould returning.

Step 10: Support and Resources

Financial and Practical Help

Warmer Kiwi Homes: Grants for insulation and heating for eligible homeowners.
Healthy Homes Initiative: Free in-home assessments and support for low-income families.
Curtain Banks: Free or low-cost curtains for those in need.
Work and Income: Extra help for heating and health-related costs.

Where to Get Help

Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand: Information on healthy homes and local support.
Kāinga Ora: Guidance for tenants and landlords on keeping homes healthy.
Consumer NZ and Gen Less: Independent advice on heating, insulation, and energy savings.

Summary

A warm, dry, and healthy home is essential for wellbeing during New Zealand’s winter. By focusing on insulation, draught-proofing, dampness control, ventilation, and efficient heating, households can reduce illness, improve comfort, and save on energy bills. Support is available for those who need it, and a little preparation goes a long way in keeping families safe and healthy through the colder months. Take action now—your home, your health, and your whānau will thank you.